媒介
钛合金因拥有轻质、、比强度高、、耐侵蚀与生物相容性好等特点,,被宽泛利用于航空航天、、海洋工程和生物医学等领域[1-5]!T谡庑├昧煊蛑,,钛合金不成预防线存在摩擦与磨损问题,,钛合金较差的耐磨性会严重影响其作为工作部件的靠得住性与服役寿命!
理论改性技术是提高钛合金耐磨性的重要步骤,,现有理论改性技术重要蕴含物理气相沉积[6]、、化学气相沉积[7]、、喷涂[8]、、渗氮[9]、、渗碳[10]、、微弧氧化[11]等,,但是这些技术通常存在涂层与基材结合力差、、涂层厚度较薄以及刻薄摩擦磨损前提下涂层易剥落等问题[12,,13]!6胍陨霞际跸啾,,激光熔覆技术拥有制备涂层组织致密且厚度不受限度,,涂层与基材结合强度高、、不易剥落等利益,,宽泛用于提高钛合金理论的耐磨性!
选取激光熔覆技术提高钛合金理论耐磨性的重要步骤是在钛合金理论制备耐磨和自光滑涂层!T陬押辖鹄砺壑票改湍ズ妥怨饣坎愕墓讨,,通过调整熔覆工艺参数,,使得熔覆粉末在激光高温作用下急剧溶解、、凝固形成缺点较少的涂层,,因而,,激光熔覆工艺是决定涂层耐磨性的重要成分[14]!3酥,,涂层的组分也是影响涂层耐磨性的重要成分!D湍ネ坎阌捎仓氏嗪突逑嘧槌,,自光滑涂层由硬质相、、基体相和自光滑相组成!S仓氏嗫赡芴岣咄坎愕挠捕冉岣咄坎隳湍バ裕;;基体相可能提高涂层韧性与润湿性进而提高涂层的综合机能;;;自光滑相则可能减小涂层摩擦系数进而提高涂层减磨性!R蚨疚淖凼隽思す馊鄹补ひ蘸屯坎阕榉(硬质相、、基体相和自光滑相)特点对涂层耐磨性的影响法规!
1、、激光熔覆工艺对涂层耐磨性的影响
选取激光熔覆技术制备的耐磨和自光滑涂层与基体的物理性质(弹性模量、、热膨胀系数、、熔点等)存在较大差距,,因而涂层易出现裂纹、、气孔等缺点!:O嘁说募す馊鄹补ひ漳芄幌骷跬坎阒械母骼嗳钡,,提高涂层的耐磨性!<す馊鄹补ひ赵毯鄹补ひ詹问透ㄖひ,,熔覆工艺参数重要蕴含激光功率、、扫描速度、、光斑直径、、比能量等参数!
1.1激光功率
激光功率巨细对涂层宏观描摹、、缺点、、组织、、硬度有显著的影响[15-17]!4薨赖萚18]钻研了激光功率巨细对涂层宏观描摹的影响(见表1),,由表1可知,,涂层的稀释率、、熔池的深度随着激光功率增大而增大,,而涂层的宏观描摹根基不受激光功率巨细的影响!N谭蒣19]钻研了激光功率对涂层缺点的影响,,发现较低的激光功率使得熔池中的气体来不及逸出形成气孔缺点;;;较高的激光功率使得熔覆资料充分熔融、、气孔缺点削减!

马永[20]钻研了激光功率对涂层组织和硬度的影响,,发现高激光功率使得涂层组织致密、、散布均匀、、硬度提高!MǔG榭鱿,,激光功率巨细的选择准则是在保障涂层描摹较为平坦、、涂层稀释率低于5%的情况下,,尽可能提高激光功率[12]!
1.2扫描速度
扫描速度会影响熔覆粉末的溶解状态,,进而影响涂层的耐磨性!I杷俣冉系褪,,熔覆粉末可能充分熔融;;;而扫描速度过低则会导致熔覆粉末过烧、、粉末中的合金元素蒸发;;;扫描速度过高则会导致熔覆粉末不能齐全溶解[12,,16,,21]!#蹋榈萚22]钻研了扫描速度对Ti+TiBCN熔覆粉末制备的涂层稀释率、、耐磨性的影响法规,,了局如图1所示,,随着扫描速度的增长,,涂层的稀释率降低、、显微硬度先增大后减小,,摩擦系数、、磨损质量损失和磨损体积先减小后增大,,当扫描速度为7mm/s时,,涂层综合机能最优!6方鸹ǖ萚23]钻研了扫描速度对TC4+Ni60+h-BN熔覆粉末制备的涂层的影响法规,,了局批注扫描速度为10mm/s的涂层综合机能最优!R蚨诜制绲娜鄹卜勰┫低持,,最优的扫描速度存在差距!

1.3光斑直径和比能量
光斑直径决定了涂层熔池宽度与光斑单元面积上的能量输入!4蠊獍咧本赌芄辉龀と鄢乜矶,,但降低了能量输入,,而小光斑直径使得涂层缺点削减、、组织致密,,但会导致激光熔覆功夫增长,,不利于激光熔覆技术的工业化利用[24,,25]!
为了钻研光斑直径D、、扫描速度v和激光功率P三者对涂层的共同作用成效,,钻研人员提出了比能量E的概念,,比能量E暗示涂层单元面积受到激光照射能量的巨细(E=P/DV)[12]!#樱酰榈萚26]钻研了比能量对Ti3Al复合TiN+Ti3AlN涂层的影响法规,,了局批注比能量增长会提高涂层综合机能,,但涂层稀释率也会增长;;;比能量减小则会导致涂层组织散布不均匀、、缺点增长;;;比能量为58.3J/mm2时,,涂层气孔、、裂纹缺点至少、、耐磨机能最优!5牵蹋椋醯萚27]钻研了比能量对TiC+TiB2涂层的影响,,了局批注比能量为45J/mm2的涂层耐磨机能最优!T诜制绲娜鄹沧柿舷低持,,熔覆资料的类型、、粉末尺寸存在差距,,使得涂层达到最佳机能所需的能量分歧,,因而比能量只能在类似的熔覆资料系统中作为参考!
1.4辅助工艺
激光熔覆的辅助工艺蕴含引入旋转磁场、、超声振动和后热处置等工艺!R胄懦∧芄患跣∪鄢厣疃群涂矶,,而对涂层宏观描摹、、耐磨性的影响较小[28]!:O嘁说某穸β誓芄幌灾档屯坎愕木Я3叽,,王维等[29]钻研发现2.2W的超声振动使得涂层宏观描摹越发平坦,,相比无超声振动的涂层,,晶粒尺寸减小了约42%!::笕却χ霉ひ湛山档屯坎愕牟写嬗α,,同时提高涂层的断裂韧性[30-33]!5制绲暮笕却χ霉ひ斩酝坎隳湍バ缘挠跋齑嬖诓罹!#蹋榈萚31]将激光熔覆制备好的涂层(重要由WC、、W2C、、α-Ti、、Ti2Ni和TiNi组成)进行热处置,,在500℃下别离保温1h和2h,,而后在空气中冷却,,涂层的显微硬度、、耐磨性略有降低!6茫瑁澹畹萚32]将制备好的钛基复合TiC+TiB涂层进行热处置,,在分歧的温度(400℃、、600℃和800℃)下保温3h,,而后在空气中冷却,,随着热处置温度升高,,涂层的硬度、、耐磨性提高!
2、、硬质相特点对涂层耐磨性的影响
钛合金理论激光熔覆制备的耐磨涂层通常由硬质相与基体相组成!M坎愕哪湍バ灾匾捎仓氏嗟暮、、特点和形成方式决定!S仓氏嗟暮空急仍礁,,涂层的耐磨性越好,,但硬质相含量占比过高会导致涂层产生大面积裂纹,,甚至剥落!T谟仓氏嗪渴艿较薅鹊那榭鱿,,硬质相的特点与形成方式成为决定涂层耐磨性的关键成分[34-36]!S仓氏嗟男纬煞绞接性谌鄹卜勰┲兄苯釉龀び仓氏嗫帕::屠眉す飧呶略惶焐仓氏2种步骤!1疚囊勒沼仓氏嘈纬煞绞降姆制,,别离介绍了分歧类型硬质相对涂层的影响情况!
2.1直接增长硬质相
直接增长硬质相的步骤是直接增长高熔点陶瓷相作为熔覆粉末,,在激光熔覆过程当选取较小的激光功率和较高的扫描速度来预防陶瓷相大量分化,,激光熔覆实现后未分化的陶瓷相作为涂层硬质相,,提高涂层耐磨性!3<母呷鄣闾沾上嘀匾校-BN(立方氮化硼)[21,,37]、、WC[35]等!#樱幔恚幔虻萚35]选择WC+NiCrBSi粉末进行激光熔覆,,如图2所示,,涂层中WC颗粒的显微硬度高达3338HV,,显著提高了涂层的耐磨性,,但是WC颗粒边缘受激光高温影响分化产生了很多小颗粒,,增大了涂层开裂偏差!

Fu等[38]选取包覆的步骤改善了直接增长硬质相在激光高温作用下容易分化产生裂纹的问题!H缤3所示,,无包覆的c-BN颗粒在激光高温作用下分化产生裂纹,,在干摩擦试验过程中,,裂纹导致部门c-BN颗粒分裂形成磨粒磨损,,涂层出现窄而深的磨痕!6∪。危榘玻-BN颗粒的熔覆粉末经过激光作用后,,c-BN颗粒险些无裂纹产生,,涂层的耐磨性显著提升[38]!

2.2原位天生硼化物陶瓷相
直接增长硬质相颗粒的步骤易产生裂纹,,对硬质相颗粒增长包覆层固然会削减裂纹的产生,,但是存在可包覆资料种类少、、成本增长的问题!6∪≡惶焐牟街枇畈淮嬖谏鲜鑫侍,,原位天生硬质相是利用激光高温作用使得熔覆粉末在溶解状态产生原位反映天生硬质相!T惶焐挠仓氏嘀匾信鸹锾沾上、、碳化物陶瓷相、、氧化物陶瓷相称!
硼化物陶瓷导热率较高、、高温不变性好,,同时拥有高硬耐磨的特点[36]!Q∪〖す馊鄹布际踔票傅哪湍ネ坎阒信鸹锾沾上嘀匾裕椋2、、TiB陶瓷相[39,,40]!L焐裕椋2、、TiB陶瓷相的反映吉布斯自由能和反映天生焓都为负值且都为放热反映,,因而TiB2、、TiB陶瓷相在涂层中通常会同时出现,,此外天生TiB反映的吉布斯自由能更低,,在反映充分的情况下,,天生TiB的反映更容易产生[41-44]!H缤4所示,,TiB相描摹趋向六边形针状,,TiB2相描摹趋向六边形板块状[41]!A躅E等[45]制备了以TiB、、TiN为重要硬质相的耐磨涂层,,干摩擦试验批注TiB、、TiN拥有钉扎强化作用而显著克制了硬质相颗粒的剥落,,提高了涂层耐磨性!

2.3原位天生碳化物陶瓷相
原位天生碳化物陶瓷相重要为(Ti,,W)C1-x[46]、、TiCx[47]等!T谌鄹餐坎愕男纬晒讨,,当熔池中含有钛、、碳和钨元素时,,碳元素优先与钛元素反映天生TiCx,,当碳元素过饱和时才会和钨元素反映天生WC,,而后WC和TiCx反映天生单一固溶体(Ti,,W)C1-x,,因而(Ti,,W)C1-x在涂层中的含量极低,,对涂层耐磨性的影响较小[46,,48]!#裕椋茫沾捎捕雀、、弹性模量高、、热力学参数和物理参数与钛合金相近,,因而是激光熔覆制备耐磨涂层中利用较多的硬质相[46]!#裕椋茫ざ潭屏勘然衔,,受激光熔覆工艺急剧溶解急剧凝固特点的影响,,TiCx描摹各别,,如图5所示,,TiCx有枝晶状、、花瓣状、、球形或不规定状态等,,但分歧描摹的TiCx对涂层耐磨性的影响还不足深刻的钻研[49]!#冢瑁幔锏萚50]制备的以TiCx为硬质相的耐磨涂层显微硬度最高为540HV!6碛繹20]制备的以TiB+TiC为硬质相的耐磨涂层显微硬度最高为1404.6HV,,磨损量相比基体削减了66.67%!#裕椋茫沾勺魑坎阌仓氏嗍,,必要额外增长其他种类的硬质相才会显著提高涂层的耐磨性!

2.4原位天生氧化物陶瓷相
由于氧化物与液态金属的界面能较大,,导致大无数氧化物陶瓷相在涂层中的润湿性较差,,因而激光熔覆原位天生氧化物陶瓷的钻研较少,,只有一些学者钻研了ZrO2陶瓷、、Al2O3陶瓷[51-53]!#冢颍2陶瓷除了拥有高强度、、高硬度外,,还拥有解除残存应力的作用[51,,54]!B扪诺萚51]在TA15合金理论制备的TiNi+Ti2Ni复合ZrO2涂层,,涂层显微硬度最高达到1070HV,,磨损率远低于基体!
此外,,超声振动的辅助工艺可降低氧化物润湿性差带来的不利影响!#祝幔睿绲萚52]在激光熔覆过程中增长了超声振动的辅助工艺,,制备了含Al2O3、、W2(C,,O)氧化物陶瓷相的涂层,,超声振动使得涂层的晶粒细化,,氧化物硬质相Al2O3、、W2(C,,O)在涂层中的润湿性有所改善,,涂层均匀显微硬度达到1029.4HV,,耐磨机能优异!
3、、基体相特点对涂层耐磨性的影响
在激光熔覆技术制备的耐磨涂层中,,含量占比最高的相为基体相!;;;逑嗫赡芴岣咄坎愕娜托院腿笫,,预防涂层产生过多裂纹、、气孔等缺点!D湍ネ坎愕幕逑嘀匾深鸦、、镍基、、钴基、、铝基及其相互复合的资料系统形成,,因而依照涂层基体相类型,,把耐磨涂层分为金属基复合陶瓷涂层与金属间化合物复合陶瓷涂层!
3.1金属基体相
金属基复合陶瓷涂层的基体相由一种含量占比极高的金属元素形成!3<慕鹗艋逑嘣毯鸦、、镍基、、钴基等,,因而金属基复合陶瓷涂层又可分为钛基、、镍基、、钴基复合陶瓷涂层!n鸦春咸沾赏坎愕幕逑嘤牖牡奈锢硇灾世嗨,,所以可能显著削减涂层的各类缺点,,同时拥有较好的润湿性[55-57]!3<念鸦逑嘤深逊墼诩す馊鄹补讨行纬,,林沛玲等[58]选择Ti+B粉末制备了钛基复合TiB陶瓷涂层,,显微硬度偏低(650~770HV)!6冢瑁幔锏萚13,,59]、、Lu等[60]制备的钛基复合TiOx涂层基体相由TiO2粉末形成,,如图6所示,,涂层组织致密、、散布均匀,,基材与涂层界面无裂纹,,基材中的铝元素和钒元素扩散到了涂层,,批注涂层与基材实现了优良的冶金结合,,硬质相TiOx使得涂层均匀显微硬度达到了1583HV1N,,涂层磨损率仅是基体磨损率0.1倍!

镍基复合陶瓷涂层的基体相由镍基自熔性合金粉末形成!S糜诩す馊鄹驳哪匀坌院辖鸱勰┲匾校101镍基合金、、Ni60、、Ni45A、、NiCrBSi等粉末[36,,61-64],,其化学元素组成如表2所示!D匀坌院辖鸱勰┖信、、硅等元素,,在激光熔覆过程中拥有脱氧作用,,而提高涂层的润湿性[36]!D春咸沾赏坎愕幕逑嘤搔-Ni组成,,γ-Ni可能与硅元素、、铬元素、、硼化物形成网格状的枝晶间共晶组织而显著提高了涂层的耐磨性[65,,66]!#樱幔恚幔虻萚35]选择WC+NiCrBSi粉末制备的镍基复合WC+W2C涂层,,均匀显微硬度达到了1384HV1N!5春咸沾赏坎阒型贝嬖谏倭康慕鹗艏浠衔锵啵裕椋危,,增长适量稀土元素则可能降低涂层中TiNi相的含量,,提高α-Ti相的含量,,降低涂层界面的开裂偏差[61,,62]!

钴基复合陶瓷涂层的基体相由钴基自熔性合金粉末形成!S糜诩す馊鄹驳念芑匀坌院辖鸱勰┘壑到细,,重要有Co42、、Co-01等合金粉末,,其化学成分如表3所示[40,,67]!n芑春咸沾赏坎愕幕逑嘀匾-Ni/Co固溶体和少量的金属间化合物CoTi、、CoTi2和NiTi[68,,69]!&-Ni/Co固溶体、、CoTi、、CoTi2和NiTi脆性高,,容易导致涂层出现裂纹,,同时提高了涂层在干摩擦过程中出现开裂的概率,,降低了涂层的耐磨性[70-74]!

Weng等[41,,68,,69]为解决钴基体相的脆性问题,,选取了增长稀土元素的步骤,,别离选择Co42+B4C+SiC+Y2O3粉末、、Co42+B4C+CeO2粉末、、Co42+TiN粉末制备耐磨涂层,,了局批注3种涂层都与基体为冶金结合方式,,涂层中少量的金属间化合物不会导致涂层与基材的界面出现裂纹,,并且通过增长适量稀土元素Y2O3和CeO2而细化涂层晶、、显著减小涂层内的微裂纹数量,,因而含稀土元素的涂层耐磨机能提高!
3.2金属间化合物基体相
金属间化合物复合陶瓷涂层的基体相为金属间化合物相,,这些基体相重要蕴含Ti-Al基、、Ti-Ni基、、Co-Ni基、、Ni-Al基,,因而把金属间化合物复合陶瓷涂层分为Ti-Al基、、Ti-Ni基、、Co-Ni基金属间化合物复合陶瓷涂层!
Ti-Al金属间化合物复合陶瓷涂层的基体相为Ti3Al金属间化合物,,Ti3Al金属间化合物拥有低密度、、高弹性模量、、高屈服强度、、优良的导热性和在高温下形成致密氧化膜提高抗氧化性等利益,,但也存在韧性差、、室温延展性差、、对微裂纹敏感的弊端[75-77]!#裕-Al金属间化合物的利益使得涂层拥有较高的硬度与耐磨性,,但韧性差的Ti-Al金属间化合物使得涂层不成预防线存在裂纹,,即便在熔覆粉末中增长适量稀土元素也难以齐全解除,,如Li等[78]在熔覆粉末中增长Y2O3,,成功制备了Ti3Al金属间化合物复合陶瓷涂层,,显微硬度在1250~1400HV2N之间,,但涂层依然存在很多微观裂纹!
Ti-Ni基金属间化合物复合陶瓷涂层的基体相为TiNi、、Ti2Ni相,,TiNi、、Ti2Ni金属间化合物拥有较好的硬度与耐磨性[79]!5比鄹卜勰┲校裕楹拷隙嗍,,涂层基体相为枝晶状Ti2Ni,,当Ni含量较多时,,涂层基体相为TiNi[80]!#裕椋危楹停裕2Ni与其他金属间化合物相比,,并未阐发出显著的脆性,,以TiNi和Ti2Ni物相为主的涂层无显著裂纹存在,,组织较为致密,,涂层与基体结合优良,,但与Ti-Al金属间化合物复合陶瓷涂层相比,,涂层硬度较低(580~900HV)[34,,80]!
此外还有钻研较少的Co-Ni、、Ni-Al金属间化合物基体相!#茫-Ni金属间化合物基体相在形成过程中会同时天生与基材物理物理性质、、热力学性质差距较大Co-Ti相,,导致涂层和基材的界面处产生裂纹[81]!#危-Al基金属间化合物基体相拥有高温抗氧化与耐磨的利益,,但存在温室脆性大的弊端[82]!
3.3分歧基体相形成的涂层耐磨机能对比
由于分歧窗者在测试涂层耐磨机能时选取了分歧的摩擦试验前提(摩擦方式、、摩擦副材质、、载荷、、摩擦功夫等),,因而他们制备的耐磨涂层无法直接利用磨损率、、摩擦系数等试验了局进行比力!6晕⒂捕仍诳隙ㄋ缴峡煞从惩坎愕哪湍セ,,因而对分歧种类耐磨涂层的显微硬度进行了整顿总结,,如表4所示!

4、、自光滑相特点对涂层耐磨性的影响
选取激光熔覆技术制备的自光滑涂层以耐磨涂层的组分为基础并增长了自光滑相,,因而与耐磨涂层相比,,自光滑涂层的摩擦系数更低!
4.1形成自光滑相的资料
选取激光熔覆技术制备的自光滑涂层中,,一些常见的固体光滑资料用于在激光熔覆过程中形成自光滑相,,重要蕴含石墨烯[84]、、六方氮化硼(h-BN)[66]和各类硫化物[85,,86]!J┳魑滦投维资料拥有强度高、、韧性与自光滑性好的特点[87,,88]!#-BN是拥有层状结构的六方晶系,,层与层之间由范德华键相连,,因而是优良的固体光滑资料[66,,89]!8骼嗔蚧锶纾停铮2、、WS2、、TiS、、Ti2SC属于层状结构、、层与层之间容易产生剪切滑移,,在中低温干摩擦前提下形成转移膜而拥有自光滑成效[85,,86]!5鲜龉烫骞饣柿献魑鄹卜勰┒即嬖谌笫圆詈驮诩す獾母呶伦饔孟氯菀追只奈侍,,因而自光滑相在涂层中的含量较低[85,,87-89]!U攵怨烫骞饣柿先笫圆詈鸵追只奈侍,,重要有在熔覆粉末中直接增长固体光滑资料形成自光滑相和利用激光高温原位天生自光滑相2种解决步骤!
4.2直接增长自光滑相
在熔覆粉末中直接增长固体光滑资料必要选取低激光功率与高扫描速度的熔覆工艺参数,,预防固体光滑资料在激光熔覆过程中齐全分化!J蘖萚66]钻研了Ni60+h-BN粉末激光熔覆形成的自光滑涂层,,未分化的h-BN作为自光滑相,,在高温干摩擦试验前提下,,h-BN颗粒软化并铺展形成光滑转移膜,,磨损量相比Ni60粉末形成的涂层有显著削减!#冢瑁幔锏萚50]、、Zhang等[84]选择钛+石墨烯粉末在TC4合金理论制备自光滑涂层,,在激光熔覆过程中,,大部门石墨烯与钛元素反映天生了TiC硬质相,,少量石墨烯在高温下转化为石墨,,少量石墨与未分化的石墨烯组成了自光滑相!T诟赡Σ潦匝橹,,自光滑相与涂层理论硬质相组成的机械混合层降低了摩擦副与涂层的接触应力,,提高了涂层耐磨性[84]!
4.3原位天生自光滑相
利用激光高温原位反映的自光滑相含量更高,,拥有更好的减磨成效!A跣悴ǖ萚85]、、Liu等[86]以NiCr+Cr3C2+WS2粉末制备的涂层原位天生了Ti2SC+CrS自光滑相,,在室温至600℃的摩擦前提下能够形成光滑转移膜,,降低摩擦系数、、磨损率;;;而以Ti+TiC+WS2粉末原位天生了Ti2SC+TiS自光滑相,,涂层在中低温度下拥有不错的自光滑成效,,但在500℃以上自光滑相会氧化失效形成氧化膜!
通常石墨烯在激光熔覆过程中会优先与Ti元素反映天生TiCx,,因而石墨烯难以作为原位天生的自光滑相,,Weng等[90]通过调整粉末比例、、熔覆工艺参数,,选取Ni60+B4C粉末在TC4理论进行激光熔覆,,原位天生了与石墨烯结构类似的球形石墨!T诩す馊鄹补讨性惶焐蛐问怨饣嗟幕砣缤7所示,,钛元素与碳元素天生TiCx后,,有余碳原子沿着气泡与熔体的界面急剧非平衡凝固形成球形石墨,,球形石墨使得涂层的摩擦系数降低、、耐磨性显著提高(涂层耐磨性是基体的43.67倍)[90]!

5、、总结和瞻望
综上,,钛合金理论激光熔覆制备耐磨和自光滑涂层可能有效解决钛合金耐磨性差的问题,,其中激光熔覆工艺与涂层组分(硬质相、、基体相、、自光滑相)是决定涂层耐磨性的重要成分!<す馊鄹补ひ詹问瓒ㄖ匾∪∈源淼牟街杞新糯问匝槿范ㄈ鄹补ひ詹问;;超声振动可显著减小涂层晶粒尺寸,,而对涂层进行热处置则能够有效提高涂层的断裂韧性!S仓氏嗍翘岣咄坎隳湍バ缘墓丶煞,,选取原位天生法形成的硬质相拥有无裂纹、、硬质相边缘无破碎的小颗粒的利益,,而被宽泛用于耐磨涂层中硬质相的形成!D逑嗪皖鸦逑嗷涤杏帕嫉娜笫,,可显著削减涂层的裂纹、、气孔缺点,,提高涂层的综合机能!W怨饣嗟男纬杀匾谌鄹卜勰┲性龀た赡茉惶焐怨饣嗟淖柿,,预防自光滑相在激光高温作用下大量分化!N私徊教岣呒す馊鄹布际踔票傅哪湍ズ妥怨饣坎愕哪湍セ,,今后的钻研重点应集中在以下几个方面!J紫,,成立可能综合思考各类成分(激光器类型、、熔覆粉末类型和尺寸等成分)的数学模型用于设定熔覆工艺参数,,使得涂层耐磨机能达到最佳!F浯,,开发更多的熔覆粉末资料,,以解决涂层中硬质相和自光滑相含量占比偏低的问题!W詈,,深刻钻研分歧熔覆粉末在激光熔覆过程产生的各类复杂化学反映,,进一步提高涂层耐磨性!
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