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TC4钛合金、、、TC11钛合金等钛合金资料铣削加工中的过程阻尼效应问题

颁布功夫:: 2018-11-08 05:44:28    浏览次数::

对钛合金铣削加工中的过程阻尼效应进行分析及尝试验证。。钛合金是航空常用的、、、典型的难加工资料,,其单元面积切削力大,,在加工中极易产生颤振、、、恶化理论质量、、、败坏刀具。。钛合金切削加工的颤振问题,,是制约航空制作效能和质量的重要问题。。过程阻尼效应起源于后刀面与工件理论振动波纹过问产生的犁耕效应,,利用隐式龙格库塔法,,推算典型钛合金资料铣削加工中过问产生的侵入面积以及阻力,,成立思考过程阻尼的非线性模型。。推算了局批注::相对于传统的、、、不思考过程阻尼的线性动力学模型,,非线性模型中的低速区极限切深可显著提高;;尝试了局批注::该模型能较为正确地预测低速区的不变性极限,,为加工参数选择提供重要参考。。

钛合金棒

钛合金一向被宽泛利用于航空制作工业,,其拥有比强度大、、、密度小、、、耐热性强以及耐低温等良好综合机能,,用它制作飞机零部件,,不仅能够耽搁飞机使用寿命,,并且能够减轻重量,,降低燃料亏损,,从而大大提高其飞行机能。。

但钛合金同时是一种典型的难加工资料,,其导热性差、、、化学活性高、、、加工硬化严重、、、刀具寿命短,,并且由于单元切削力大、、、加工过程中极易产生颤振,,颤振给工件留下的斜状振纹,,往往必要手工珩磨去除,,影响加工效能,,严重的直接导致工件报废,,甚至毁坏刀具,,钛合金加工的颤振问题,,是制约航空制作质量和效能的一大瓶颈。。

TC4钛棒

节制颤振的步骤通常均可综合为增长系统阻尼。。切削系统阻尼可分为机床结构阻尼和由刀具后刀面与工件理论互有关涉而产生的阻尼,,亦称为过程阻尼(process damping)。。过程阻尼的建::捅甓ㄊ墙旯恃踅绲淖暄腥鹊,,加拿大驰名学者Altintas曾将其列为切削颤振中尚未解决的钻研难点[1]。。

Tlusty和Sission等人最早发现切削加工中的过程阻尼景象,,随着切削速度降低,,车削加工的不变性极限可显著提高[2~4]。。Sission 还综合出,,切削速度、、、刀具后角和刃口半径是影响过程阻尼的关键成分[4]。::罄粗疃嘌д哒攵怨套枘峤凶暄,,指出后刀面与工件理论振动波纹过问形成的作使劲是过程阻尼的起源[5~8]。。文件[9]通过一系列正交试验,,鉴别动态切削力中的过程阻尼系数,,该试验由急剧伺服系统节制,,使得刀具以预期频率和振幅振荡,,但该试验系统较为复杂,,工作量很大。。Budak和Tunc等人克服了试验建模的弱点,,在过程阻尼建::拖凳甓ǚ矫,,进行了较为详细的工作[10~12]。。文件[10]将正交车削的不变性极限预测解析法和颤振尝试相结合,,利用二者获取的极限切深,,直接标定过程阻尼系数。;;诖,,又结合能量分析,,获取侵入力系数,,之后推算侵入面积和切削力,,成立车削的不变性分析模型。。文件[12]系统分析了切削参数和刀具几何参数对过程阻尼的影响。。Ahmadi和Ismail等基于小振幅如果,,将过程阻尼等效为线性粘性阻尼,,利用半离散法,,推算铣削不变性极限,,该模型拥有肯定局限性,,预测出的不变性极限低于尝试值[13]。。

TC11钛合金棒

目前,,国际上对于过程阻尼的钻研,,重要集中在车削方面,,对于铣削加工的过程阻尼,,尚短缺美满的动力学分析模型。。其自由度多,,受力分析必要坐标转换,,切削力方程中存在时变系数,,对于侵入面积和过程阻力的描述远较车削难题。。而国内尚未有学者对过程阻尼进行深刻钻研,,在目前现有文件中,,切削不变性分析均选取较为传统的线性模型[14,,15],,未思考过程阻尼,,该模型在低速区会产生很大误差。。而对于钛合金加工来说,,为保障刀具寿命,,切削速度通常较低,,这时若是还选取通例的线性模型,,预测的极限切深远低于现实极限切深,,势必会影响加工效能。。

  鉴于此问题,,本文成立一思考过程阻尼的铣削动力学模型,,利用隐式四阶龙格库塔法,,推算典型钛合金资料加工时,,刀具后刀面与工件振动波纹的侵入面积以及过问阻力,,绘制不变性极限图。。最终结合尝试得出结论,,本文所建非线性模型,,可能较为正确地预测低速区的不变性极限,,为钛合金加工参数的选择提供了参考。。

钛合金资料铣削中的颤振问题,,是制约航空制作加工效能的一大瓶颈。。为保障刀具寿命,,钛合金资料根基以较低速度进行切削。。这时若是依照传统的线性模型,,不变性极限很低,,依照线型模型选择切深,,将对加工效能极度不利。。本文针对此问题,,成立了思考过程阻尼的非线性铣削动力学模型,,推算由犁耕效应形成的侵入面积,,以及过程阻力。。通过期域仿真步骤推算临界切深。。尝试了局批注,,本文提出的计入过程阻尼的非线性推算模型可能较为正确地预测钛合金加工时低速区的不变性极限。。这样就为钛合金加工时,,通例工作速度下的参数选择提供了必要参考。。 参考文件::

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[3] Tlusty J. Analysis of the state of research in cutting dynamics[J]. Annals of the CIRP,, 1978,, 27(2)::583―589.

[4] Tlusty J,, Ismail F. Special aspects of chatter in milling[J].ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry,, 1983,, 105(1)::24―32.   [5] Wu D W . A new approach of formulating the transfer function for dynamic cutting process[J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry,, 1989,,111(1)::37―47.

[6] Elbestawi M A,, Ismail F,, Du R,, et al. Modeling machining dynamic including damping in the toolworkpiece interface[J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry,, 1994,,116(4)::435―439.

[7] Lee B Y,, Tarng Y S,, Ma S C. Modeling of the Process damping force in chatter vibration[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture ,, 1995,,35(7):: 951―962.

[8] Shawky A M,, Elbestawi M A. An enhanced dynamic model in turning including the effect of ploughing forces[J].ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,, 1997,,119(1)::10―20.

[9] Altintas Y,, Eynian M,, onozuka H. Identification of dynamic cutting force coefficients and chatter stability with process damping[J].CIRP AnnalsManufacturing Technology,, 2008,,57(1)::371―374.

[10] Budak E,, Tunc L T. A new method for identification and modeling of process damping in machining[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,, 2009,,131(5)::1―10.

[11] Budak E,, Tunc L T. Identification and modeling of process damping in turning and milling using a new approach[J]. CIRP AnnalsManufacturing Technology,, 2010,,59(1)::403―408.

[12] Tunc L T,, Budak E.Effect of cutting conditions and tool geometry on process damping in machining[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,, 2012,,57:: 10―19.

[13] Ahmadi K,, Ismail F. Stability lobes in milling including Process damping and utilizing multifrequency and semidiscretization methods[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,, 2012,,54/55::46―54.

[14] Altintas Y. 数控技术与制作自动化[M].北京::化学工业出版社,,2002. Altintas Y. Numerical Control Technology and manufacturing Automation[M].Beijing:: Chemical Industry Press,,2002.

[15] Altintas Y,, Stepan G,, Merdol D,, et al. Chatter stability of milling in frequency and discrete time domain[J]. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology,, 2008,,1(1)::35―44.

[16] Campomanes Marc L,, Altintas Y. An improved time domain simulation for dynamic milling at small radial immersions[J]. Transactions of ASME Journal of Engineering,, 2003,,125::416―422.

[17] 林紫雄.间断铣削的颤振不变性钻研[D].漯河::漯河航空航天大学,,2011. Lin Zixiong.Research on the chatter stability of the interrupted Milling[D].Nanjing:: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,,2011.

[18] 刘强,,李忠群. 数控铣削加工过程仿真与优化―建!!、、、算法与工程利用[M].北京::航空工业出版社,,2011. Liu Qiang,, LI Zhongqun. Simulation and Optimization of CNC Milling ProcessModeling,,Algorithms and Applications[M].Beijing::Aviation Industry Press,,2011.   [19] 宋清华.高速铣削不变性及加工精度钻研[D].赤峰::山东大学,,2009. Song Qinghua.Highspeed milling stability and machining accuracy[D].Jinan:: Shandong University,,2009.

Abstract:: The process damping in milling of Titanium alloy is analyzed and verified experimentally. Titanium alloy used commonly in aviation industry is one typical difficulttomachine material. Chatter usually occurs in machining of Titanium alloy because of high unit cutting force,, which results in poor surface quality and damaged tool. Thus,, chatter is one serious restriction for the quality and efficiency of aeronautical manufacture. The process damping results from ploughing effect,, which was caused by interference between flank face and machined surface. The paper calculates the indentation area and resistance caused by interference in the milling of typical Titanium alloy and establish nonlinear model which consider process damping. The computing results indicate that limit cutting depth at low speed can be improved significantly relative to linear model and the experimental results indicates that the model can predict stability limitation at low speed accurately.

Key words:: milling;; chatter;; Titanium alloy;; process damping;; ploughing effect.

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